Since 2013, when General Secretary Xi proposed the＂The Belt and Road＂ initiative, China railway express has been growing rapidly. In particular, the blockage of the Suez Canal has drawn attention to the need to find alternative solutions for shipping, but also to consider the environmental impact of carbon and sulfur emissions from the transportation industry. In the context of practicing the ＂The Belt and Road＂ initiative and starting a new journey of a strong transportation country, this paper analyzes the differences between China railway express and China-Europe maritime liner transportation in different regions by constructing a generalized cost function model and considering the negative impacts of transportation cost, transportation time, time value cost of goods and carbon and sulfur emissions. It is found that regions close to inland will choose China railway express more often, while regions close to ports will choose liner shipping more often. It is also important to be alert to the increase of carbon emissions caused by liner shipping and the increased use of liner shipping under the sulfur restriction.
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