This paper is pointed to the load, stress and fracture of the peanut harvester's pulley axle. By using the ANSYS WORKBENCH finite element analysis software, to analysis the stress variation of the pulley axle and the bearing retainer. According to the analysis results, it can be found that the bearing retainer was fracture by fatigue fracture. Due to the incorrect operation, the v-belt was locked too tight, and this induced the transmission shaft to deflect. When the transmission shaft was deflected, the bearing would be operated under the unmoral condition. And the bearing retainer would be direct contact with the inner race of the bearing. This phenomena would be accelerated the fatigue fracture of the bearing retainer.