1.2w+字！Java IO 基础知识总结开发者社区

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1.2w+字！Java IO 基础知识总结

try (InputStream fis = new FileInputStream("input.txt")) {
    System.out.println("Number of remaining bytes:"
            + fis.available());
    int content;
    long skip = fis.skip(2);
    System.out.println("The actual number of bytes skipped:" + skip);
    System.out.print("The content read from file:");
    while ((content = fis.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.print((char) content);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();

Number of remaining bytes:11
The actual number of bytes skipped:2
The content read from file:JavaGuide

// 新建一个 BufferedInputStream 对象
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("input.txt"));
// 读取文件的内容并复制到 String 对象中
String result = new String(bufferedInputStream.readAllBytes());
System.out.println(result);

FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("input.txt");
//必须将fileInputStream作为构造参数才能使用
DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(fileInputStream);
//可以读取任意具体的类型数据
dataInputStream.readBoolean();
dataInputStream.readInt();
dataInputStream.readUTF();

ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.data"));
MyClass object = (MyClass) input.readObject();
input.close();

try (FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("output.txt")) {
    byte[] array = "JavaGuide".getBytes();
    output.write(array);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();

FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("output.txt");
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream)

// 输出流
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("out.txt");
DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
// 输出任意数据类型
dataOutputStream.writeBoolean(true);
dataOutputStream.writeByte(1);

ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("file.txt")
Person person = new Person("Guide哥", "JavaGuide作者");
output.writeObject(person);

Number of remaining bytes:9
The actual number of bytes skipped:2
The content read from file:§å®¶å¥½

// 字节流转换为字符流的桥梁
public class InputStreamReader extends Reader {
// 用于读取字符文件
public class FileReader extends InputStreamReader {

try (FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("input.txt");) {
    int content;
    long skip = fileReader.skip(3);
    System.out.println("The actual number of bytes skipped:" + skip);
    System.out.print("The content read from file:");
    while ((content = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.print((char) content);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();

The actual number of bytes skipped:3
The content read from file:我是Guide。

// 字符流转换为字节流的桥梁
public class InputStreamReader extends Reader {
// 用于写入字符到文件
public class FileWriter extends OutputStreamWriter {

try (Writer output = new FileWriter("output.txt")) {
    output.write("你好，我是Guide。");
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();

// 新建一个 BufferedInputStream 对象
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("input.txt"));

使用缓冲流复制PDF文件总耗时:15428 毫秒
使用普通字节流复制PDF文件总耗时:2555062 毫秒

@Test
void copy_pdf_to_another_pdf_buffer_stream() {
    // 记录开始时间
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统.pdf"));
         BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统-副本.pdf"))) {
        int content;
        while ((content = bis.read()) != -1) {
            bos.write(content);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    // 记录结束时间
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("使用缓冲流复制PDF文件总耗时:" + (end - start) + " 毫秒");
@Test
void copy_pdf_to_another_pdf_stream() {
    // 记录开始时间
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统.pdf");
         FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统-副本.pdf")) {
        int content;
        while ((content = fis.read()) != -1) {
            fos.write(content);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    // 记录结束时间
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("使用普通流复制PDF文件总耗时:" + (end - start) + " 毫秒");

使用缓冲流复制PDF文件总耗时:695 毫秒
使用普通字节流复制PDF文件总耗时:989 毫秒

@Test
void copy_pdf_to_another_pdf_with_byte_array_buffer_stream() {
    // 记录开始时间
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统.pdf"));
         BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统-副本.pdf"))) {
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[4 * 1024];
        while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            bos.write(bytes, 0, len);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    // 记录结束时间
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("使用缓冲流复制PDF文件总耗时:" + (end - start) + " 毫秒");
@Test
void copy_pdf_to_another_pdf_with_byte_array_stream() {
    // 记录开始时间
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统.pdf");
         FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("深入理解计算机操作系统-副本.pdf")) {
        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[4 * 1024];
        while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    // 记录结束时间
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("使用普通流复制PDF文件总耗时:" + (end - start) + " 毫秒");

public
class BufferedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
    // 内部缓冲区数组
    protected volatile byte buf[];
    // 缓冲区的默认大小
    private static int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
    // 使用默认的缓冲区大小
    public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in) {
        this(in, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
    // 自定义缓冲区大小
    public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in, int size) {
        super(in);
        if (size <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0");
        buf = new byte[size];

try (BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("output.txt"))) {
    byte[] array = "JavaGuide".getBytes();
    bos.write(array);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();

System.out.print("Hello！");
System.out.println("Hello！");

public class PrintStream extends FilterOutputStream
    implements Appendable, Closeable {
public class PrintWriter extends Writer {

// openAndDelete 参数默认为 false 表示打开文件并且这个文件不会被删除
public RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode)
    throws FileNotFoundException {
    this(file, mode, false);
// 私有方法
private RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode, boolean openAndDelete)  throws FileNotFoundException{
  // 省略大部分代码

RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(new File("input.txt"), "rw");
System.out.println("读取之前的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer() + ",当前读取到的字符" + (char) randomAccessFile.read() + "，读取之后的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer());
// 指针当前偏移量为 6
randomAccessFile.seek(6);
System.out.println("读取之前的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer() + ",当前读取到的字符" + (char) randomAccessFile.read() + "，读取之后的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer());
// 从偏移量 7 的位置开始往后写入字节数据
randomAccessFile.write(new byte[]{'H', 'I', 'J', 'K'});
// 指针当前偏移量为 0，回到起始位置
randomAccessFile.seek(0);
System.out.println("读取之前的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer() + ",当前读取到的字符" + (char) randomAccessFile.read() + "，读取之后的偏移量：" + randomAccessFile.getFilePointer());

1.2w+字！Java IO 基础知识总结

1.2w+字！Java IO 基础知识总结

IO 流简介

字节流

InputStream（字节输入流）

OutputStream（字节输出流）

字符流

Reader（字符输入流）

Writer（字符输出流）

字节缓冲流

BufferedInputStream（字节缓冲输入流）

BufferedOutputStream（字节缓冲输出流）

字符缓冲流

打印流

随机访问流