一个app到底会创建多少个Application对象

小满只想睡觉

一直快乐！

问题背景
最近跟群友讨论一个技术问题：

一个应用开启了多进程，最终到底会创建几个application对象，执行几次onCreate()方法？
有的群友根据自己的想法给出了猜想

甚至有的群友直接咨询起了ChatGPT

但至始至终都没有一个最终的结论。于是乎，为了弄清这个问题，我决定先写个demo测试得出结论，然后从源码着手分析原因
Demo验证
首先创建了一个app项目，开启多进程


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <application
        android:name=".DemoApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Demo0307"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <!--android:process 开启多进程并设置进程名-->
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":remote">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

然后在DemoApplication的onCreate()方法打印application对象的地址，当前进程名称

public class DemoApplication extends Application {
    private static final String TAG = "jasonwan";
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.d(TAG, "Demo application onCreate: " + this + ", processName=" + getProcessName(this));
    private String getProcessName(Application app) {
        int myPid = Process.myPid();
        ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) app.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
        List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> runningAppProcesses = am.getRunningAppProcesses();
        for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo runningAppProcess : runningAppProcesses) {
            if (runningAppProcess.pid == myPid) {
                return runningAppProcess.processName;
        return "null";
}

运行，得到的日志如下

2023-03-07 11:15:27.785 19563-19563/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote

查看当前应用所有进程

说明此时app只有一个进程，且只有一个application对象，对象地址为@fb06c2d

现在我们将进程增加到多个，看看情况如何

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <application
        android:name=".DemoApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Demo0307"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <!--android:process 开启多进程并设置进程名-->
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":remote">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".TwoActivity"
            android:process=":remote2" />
        <activity
            android:name=".ThreeActivity"
            android:process=":remote3" />
        <activity
            android:name=".FourActivity"
            android:process=":remote4" />
        <activity
            android:name=".FiveActivity"
            android:process=":remote5" />
    </application>
</manifest>

逻辑是点击 MainActivity 启动 TwoActivity ，点击 TwoActivity 启动 ThreeActivity ，以此类推。最后我们运行，启动所有Activity得到的日志如下

2023-03-07 11:25:35.433 19955-19955/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote
2023-03-07 11:25:43.795 20001-20001/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote2
2023-03-07 11:25:45.136 20046-20046/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote3
2023-03-07 11:25:45.993 20107-20107/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote4
2023-03-07 11:25:46.541 20148-20148/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote5

查看当前应用所有进程

此时app有5个进程，但application对象地址均为@fb06c2d，地址相同意味着它们是同一个对象。
那是不是就可以得出结论，无论启动多少个进程都只会创建一个application对象呢？并不能妄下此定论，我们将 MainActivity 的 process 属性去掉再运行，得到的日志如下

2023-03-07 11:32:10.156 20318-20318/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@5d49e29, processName=com.jason.demo0307
2023-03-07 11:32:15.143 20375-20375/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote2
2023-03-07 11:32:16.477 20417-20417/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote3
2023-03-07 11:32:17.582 20463-20463/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote4
2023-03-07 11:32:18.882 20506-20506/com.jason.demo0307 D/jasonwan: Demo application onCreate: com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@fb06c2d, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote5

查看当前应用所有进程

此时app有5个进程，但有2个application对象，对象地址为@5d49e29和@fb06c2d，且子进程的application对象都相同。
上述所有进程的父进程ID为678，而此进程正是zygote进程

根据上面的测试结果我们目前能得出的结论：

结论1：单进程只创建一个 Application 对象，执行一次 onCreate() 方法；
结论2：多进程至少创建2个 Application 对象，执行多次 onCreate() 方法，几个进程就执行几次；

结论2为什么说至少创建2个，因为我在集成了JPush的商业项目中测试发现，JPush创建的进程跟我自己创建的进程，Application地址是不同的。

这里三个进程，分别创建了三个Application对象，对象地址分别是@f31ba9d，@2c586f3，@fb06c2d
源码分析
这里需要先了解App的启动流程，具体可以参考《App启动流程》
Application的创建位于 frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java 的 handleBindApplication() 方法中

	@UnsupportedAppUsage
    private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
        long st_bindApp = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        //省略部分代码
        // Note when this process has started.
        //设置进程启动时间
        Process.setStartTimes(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
        //省略部分代码
        // send up app name; do this *before* waiting for debugger
        //设置进程名称
        Process.setArgV0(data.processName);
        //省略部分代码
        // Allow disk access during application and provider setup. This could
        // block processing ordered broadcasts, but later processing would
        // probably end up doing the same disk access.
        Application app;
        final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy savedPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskWrites();
        final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy writesAllowedPolicy = StrictMode.getThreadPolicy();
        try {
            // If the app is being launched for full backup or restore, bring it up in
            // a restricted environment with the base application class.
            //此处开始创建application对象，注意参数2为null
            app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
            //省略部分代码
            try {
                if ("com.jason.demo0307".equals(app.getPackageName())){
                    Log.d("jasonwan", "execute app onCreate(), app=:"+app+", processName="+getProcessName(app)+", pid="+Process.myPid());
                //执行application的onCreate方法()
                mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                      "Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
                      + ": " + e.toString(), e);
        } finally {
            // If the app targets < O-MR1, or doesn't change the thread policy
            // during startup, clobber the policy to maintain behavior of b/36951662
            if (data.appInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.O_MR1
                    || StrictMode.getThreadPolicy().equals(writesAllowedPolicy)) {
                StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(savedPolicy);
        //省略部分代码

实际创建过程在 frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java 中的 makeApplication() 方法中， LoadedApk 顾名思义就是加载好的Apk文件，里面包含Apk所有信息，像包名、Application对象，app所在的目录等，这里直接看application的创建过程

	@UnsupportedAppUsage
    public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        if ("com.jason.demo0307".equals(mApplicationInfo.packageName)) {
            Log.d("jasonwan", "makeApplication: mApplication="+mApplication+", pid="+Process.myPid());
        //如果已经创建过了就不再创建
        if (mApplication != null) {
            return mApplication;
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "makeApplication");
        Application app = null;
        String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
        if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
            appClass = "android.app.Application";
        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
            if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {
                Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER,
                        "initializeJavaContextClassLoader");
                initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
            //反射创建application对象
            app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            if ("com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication".equals(appClass)){
                Log.d("jasonwan", "create application, app="+app+", processName="+mActivityThread.getProcessName()+", pid="+Process.myPid());
            appContext.setOuterContext(app);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.d("jasonwan", "fail to create application, "+e.getMessage());
            if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate application " + appClass
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
        mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
        mApplication = app;
        if (instrumentation != null) {
            try {
                //第一次启动创建时，instrumentation为null，不会执行onCreate()方法
                instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!instrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
                        + ": " + e.toString(), e);
        // 省略部分代码
        return app;
    }

为了看清application到底被创建了几次，我在关键地方埋下了log，TAG为 jasonwan 的log是我自己加的，编译验证，得到如下log

启动app，进入MainActivity
03-08 17:20:29.965  4069  4069 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=null, pid=4069
//创建application对象，地址为@c2f8311，当前进程id为4069
03-08 17:20:29.967  4069  4069 D jasonwan: create application, app=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307, pid=4069
03-08 17:20:29.988  4069  4069 D jasonwan: execute app onCreate(), app=:com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307, pid=4069
03-08 17:20:29.989  4069  4069 D jasonwan: DemoApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307, pid=4069
03-08 17:20:36.614  4069  4069 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, pid=4069
点击MainActivity，跳转到TwoActivity
03-08 17:20:39.686  4116  4116 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=null, pid=4116
//创建application对象，地址为@c2f8311，当前进程id为4116
03-08 17:20:39.687  4116  4116 D jasonwan: create application, app=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote2, pid=4116
03-08 17:20:39.688  4116  4116 D jasonwan: execute app onCreate(), app=:com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote2, pid=4116
03-08 17:20:39.688  4116  4116 D jasonwan: DemoApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote2, pid=4116
03-08 17:20:39.733  4116  4116 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, pid=4116
点击TwoActivity，跳转到ThreeActivity
03-08 17:20:41.473  4147  4147 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=null, pid=4147
//创建application对象，地址为@c2f8311，当前进程id为4147
03-08 17:20:41.475  4147  4147 D jasonwan: create application, app=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote3, pid=4147
03-08 17:20:41.475  4147  4147 D jasonwan: execute app onCreate(), app=:com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote3, pid=4147
03-08 17:20:41.476  4147  4147 D jasonwan: DemoApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote3, pid=4147
03-08 17:20:41.519  4147  4147 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, pid=4147
点击ThreeActivity，跳转到FourActivity
03-08 17:20:42.966  4174  4174 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=null, pid=4174
//创建application对象，地址为@c2f8311，当前进程id为4174
03-08 17:20:42.968  4174  4174 D jasonwan: create application, app=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote4, pid=4174
03-08 17:20:42.969  4174  4174 D jasonwan: execute app onCreate(), app=:com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote4, pid=4174
03-08 17:20:42.969  4174  4174 D jasonwan: DemoApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, processName=com.jason.demo0307:remote4, pid=4174
03-08 17:20:43.015  4174  4174 D jasonwan: makeApplication: mApplication=com.jason.demo0307.DemoApplication@c2f8311, pid=4174
点击FourActivity，跳转到FiveActivity