); line numbers are indexed at
autopep8会修复pep8汇报的下列问题：
E101 - Reindent all lines.
E121 - Fix indentation to be a multiple of four.
E122 - Add absent indentation for hanging indentation.
E123 - Align closing bracket to match opening bracket.
E124 - Align closing bracket to match visual indentation.
E125 - Indent to distinguish line from next logical line.
E126 - Fix over-indented hanging indentation.
E127 - Fix visual indentation.
E128 - Fix visual indentation.
E20 - Remove extraneous whitespace.
E211 - Remove extraneous whitespace.
E22 - Fix extraneous whitespace around keywords.
E224 - Remove extraneous whitespace around operator.
E226 - Fix missing whitespace around arithmetic operator.
E227 - Fix missing whitespace around bitwise/shift operator.
E228 - Fix missing whitespace around modulo operator.
E231 - Add missing whitespace.
E241 - Fix extraneous whitespace around keywords.
E242 - Remove extraneous whitespace around operator.
E251 - Remove whitespace around parameter '=' sign.
E26 - Fix spacing after comment hash for inline comments.
E265 - Fix spacing after comment hash for block comments.
E27 - Fix extraneous whitespace around keywords.
E301 - Add missing blank line.
E302 - Add missing 2 blank lines.
E303 - Remove extra blank lines.
E304 - Remove blank line following function decorator.
E309 - Add missing blank line (after class declaration).
E401 - Put imports on separate lines.
E501 - Try to make lines fit within --max-line-length characters.
E502 - Remove extraneous escape of newline.
E701 - Put colon-separated compound statement on separate lines.
E70 - Put semicolon-separated compound statement on separate lines.
E711 - Fix comparison with None.
E712 - Fix comparison with boolean.
E721 - Use "isinstance()" instead of comparing types directly.
W291 - Remove trailing whitespace.
W293 - Remove trailing whitespace on blank line.
W391 - Remove trailing blank lines.
W601 - Use "in" rather than "has_key()".
W602 - Fix deprecated form of raising exception.
W603 - Use "!=" instead of "<>"
W604 - Use "repr()" instead of backticks.
W690 - Fix various deprecated code (via lib2to3).
autopep8 也会忽略一些 pep8 的问题。
1. E112/E113
2. E265
autopep8 也会修复一个非pep8汇报的问题：
1. 纠正弃用的以及非惯用的python代码（通过 lib2to3）。这会让python 2.6 以及 python 2.7 的代码更加与 python3 兼容。（如果 W690 是enable的，这一项修复会被触发）
2. 标准化具有多种行结束符的文件。
3. 在类申明和它的第一个方法申明中间加一个空行。（由 E309 enable）
4. 在类文档和它的第一个方法申明中间加一个空行。（由 E301 enable）
5. 移除方法申明和它的文档之间的空行。 （由 E303 enable ）
1. 使用 autopep8 更改一个文件。
假设文件名是 a.py，文件内容如下：
import math, sys;
def example1():
####This is a long comment. This should be wrapped to fit within 72 characters.
some_tuple=( 1,2, 3,'a' );
some_variable={'long':'Long code lines should be wrapped within 79 characters.',
'other':[math.pi, 100,200,300,9876543210,'This is a long string that goes on'],
'more':{'inner':'This whole logical line should be wrapped.',some_tuple:[1,
20,300,40000,500000000,60000000000000000]}}
return (some_tuple, some_variable)
def example2(): return {'has_key() is deprecated':True}.has_key({'f':2}.has_key(''));
class Example3( object ):
def __init__ ( self, bar ):
#Comments should have a space after the hash.
if bar : bar+=1; bar=bar* bar ; return bar
else:
some_string = """
Indentation in multiline strings should not be touched.
Only actual code should be reindented.
return (sys.path, some_string)
转到 Python3\Scripts 路径，可以看到 autopep8.exe 文件。
在a.py路径下，打开cmd，执行下列命令：
D:\Python3\Scripts\autopep8 --in-place --aggressive --aggressive a.py
--in-place： 以更改后的文件直接替代源文件。
--aggressive --aggressive : 以 aggressive 等级2 来更改源文件。
更改之后，a.py内容如下：
import math
import sys
def example1():
# This is a long comment. This should be wrapped to fit within 72
# characters.
some_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'a')
some_variable = {
'long': 'Long code lines should be wrapped within 79 characters.',
'other': [
math.pi,
100,
200,
300,
9876543210,
'This is a long string that goes on'],
'more': {
'inner': 'This whole logical line should be wrapped.',
some_tuple: [
300,
40000,
500000000,
60000000000000000]}}
return (some_tuple, some_variable)
def example2(): return ('' in {'f': 2}) in {'has_key() is deprecated': True}
class Example3(object):
def __init__(self, bar):
# Comments should have a space after the hash.
if bar:
bar += 1
bar = bar * bar
return bar
else:
some_string = """
Indentation in multiline strings should not be touched.
Only actual code should be reindented.
return (sys.path, some_string)
2. aggressive 等级
默认情况下，autopep8只修复空格问题。所以，默认情况下，autopep8不会修复 E711 和 E712 ，也不会修复弃用的代码 W6。
为了应用这些更加 aggressive 的修复，使用 --aggressive 选项：
autopep8 --aggressive a.py
使用多个 --aggressive 可以增加 aggressiveness 等级。
比如， E712 需要 aggressiveness 等级2.
autopep8 --aggressive --aggressive a.py
3. 选择修复部分规范
只修复一部分规范，使用 --select 选项。
比如，修复多种缩进问题：
$ autopep8 --select=E1,W1 a.py
仅仅修复弃用代码问题：
$ autopep8 --aggressive --select=W6 a.py
4. 显示详细的过程信息
$ autopep8 -v a.py
5. 以模块的方式使用
>>> import autopep8
>>> autopep8.fix_code('x= 123\n')
'x = 123\n'
6. 以模块的方式使用，且带有条件
>>> import autopep8
>>> autopep8.fix_code('x.has_key(y)\n', options={'aggressive': 1})
'y in x\n'
>>> autopep8.fix_code('print( 123 )\n', options={'ignore': ['E']})
'print( 123 )\n'
