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znl8a3">.css-znl8a3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-znl8a3"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 1hwyipb">.css-1hwyipb{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">关于 TiDB</div></div><style data-emotion="css xjq79n">.css-xjq79n{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:none;-moz-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1jozaee">.css-1jozaee{margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">主要概念</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">操作指南</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">参考手册</div></div><style data-emotion="css 171pefp">.css-171pefp{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1xxsnna">.css-1xxsnna{height:auto;overflow:visible;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css kb2j4b">.css-kb2j4b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">SQL</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">配置</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">安全</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">事务</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">系统数据库</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/error-codes"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">错误码</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/connectors-and-apis"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">支持的连接器和 API</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">垃圾回收 (GC)</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">性能调优</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css snygwd">.css-snygwd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/tune-operating-system"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">操作系统性能参数调优</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/sql-optimization-concepts"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">SQL 优化流程</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/query-execution-plan"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">理解 TiDB 执行计划</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/blacklist-control-plan"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">优化规则与表达式下推的黑名单</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/execution-plan-binding"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">执行计划绑定</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/statistics"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">统计信息概述</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/topn-limit-push-down"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TopN 和 Limit 下推</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/optimizer-hints"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">Optimizer Hints</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/check-cluster-status-using-sql-statements"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">使用 SQL 语句检查 TiDB 集群状态</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a aria-current="page" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" class="" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/statement-summary-tables"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">Statement Summary Table</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/v3.0/tune-tikv-performance"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiKV 调优</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3-8-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-snygwd"><style data-emotion="css tx8jsd">.css-tx8jsd{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root 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17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">重要</div><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd">你正在查看 TiDB 数据库的较旧版本 (TiDB v3.0) 的文档。如无特殊需求，建议使用 TiDB 数据库的<a hreflang="zh" href="/zh/tidb/stable/statement-summary-tables">最新 LTS 版本</a>。</p></div></div></div><h1 id="statement-summary-tables" style="position:relative"><a href="#statement-summary-tables" aria-label="statement summary tables permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>Statement Summary Tables</h1><p>针对 SQL 性能相关的问题，MySQL 在 <code>performance_schema</code> 提供了 <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/statement-summary-tables.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">statement summary tables</a>，用来监控和统计 SQL。例如其中的一张表 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code>，提供了丰富的字段，包括延迟、执行次数、扫描行数、全表扫描次数等，有助于用户定位 SQL 问题。</p><p>为此，从 3.0.4 版本开始，TiDB 也提供系统表 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code>，从 3.0.8 开始提供系统表 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest_history</code>。本文将详细介绍这两张表，以及如何利用它们来排查 SQL 性能问题。</p><h2 id="events_statements_summary_by_digest" style="position:relative"><a href="#events_statements_summary_by_digest" aria-label="events_statements_summary_by_digest permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code></h2><p><code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 是 <code>performance_schema</code> 里的一张系统表，它把 SQL 按 SQL digest 和 plan digest 分组，统计每一组的 SQL 信息。</p><p>此处的 SQL digest 与 slow log 里的 SQL digest 一样，是把 SQL 规一化后算出的唯一标识符。SQL 的规一化会忽略常量、空白符、大小写的差别。即语法一致的 SQL 语句，其 digest 也相同。</p><p>例如：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3) AND salary BETWEEN 1000 AND 2000; select * from EMPLOYEE where ID in (4, 5) and SALARY between 3000 and 4000; </code></pre><p>规一化后都是：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">select * from employee where id in (...) and salary between ? and ?; </code></pre><p>此处的 plan digest 是把执行计划规一化后算出的唯一标识符。执行计划的规一化会忽略常量的差别。由于相同的 SQL 可能产生不同的执行计划，所以可能分到多个组，同一个组内的执行计划是相同的。</p><p><code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 用于保存 SQL 监控指标聚合后的结果。一般来说，每一项监控指标都包含平均值和最大值。例如执行延时对应 <code>AVG_LATENCY</code> 和 <code>MAX_LATENCY</code> 两个字段，分别是平均延时和最大延时。</p><p>为了监控指标的即时性，<code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 里的数据定期被清空，只展现最近一段时间内的聚合结果。清空周期由系统变量 <code>tidb_stmt_summary_refresh_interval</code> 设置。如果刚好在清空之后进行查询，显示的数据可能很少。</p><p>因为 TiDB 中的很多概念不同于 MySQL，所以 TiDB 中 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 的表结构与 MySQL 中的有很大区别。</p><p>以下为查询 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 的部分结果：</p><pre><code> SUMMARY_BEGIN_TIME: 2020-01-02 11:00:00 SUMMARY_END_TIME: 2020-01-02 11:30:00 STMT_TYPE: select SCHEMA_NAME: test DIGEST: 0611cc2fe792f8c146cc97d39b31d9562014cf15f8d41f23a4938ca341f54182 DIGEST_TEXT: select * from employee where id = ? TABLE_NAMES: test.employee INDEX_NAMES: NULL SAMPLE_USER: root EXEC_COUNT: 3 SUM_LATENCY: 1035161 MAX_LATENCY: 399594 MIN_LATENCY: 301353 AVG_LATENCY: 345053 AVG_PARSE_LATENCY: 57000 MAX_PARSE_LATENCY: 57000 AVG_COMPILE_LATENCY: 175458 MAX_COMPILE_LATENCY: 175458 ........... AVG_MEM: 103 MAX_MEM: 103 AVG_AFFECTED_ROWS: 0 FIRST_SEEN: 2020-01-02 11:12:54 LAST_SEEN: 2020-01-02 11:25:24 QUERY_SAMPLE_TEXT: select * from employee where id=3100 PREV_SAMPLE_TEXT: PLAN_DIGEST: f415b8d52640b535b9b12a9c148a8630d2c6d59e419aad29397842e32e8e5de3 PLAN: Point_Get_1 root 1 table:employee, handle:3100 </code></pre><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>在 TiDB 中，statement summary tables 中字段的时间单位是纳秒 (ns)，而 MySQL 中的时间单位是皮秒 (ps)。</p></div></div></div><h3 id="表的字段介绍" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D" aria-label="表的字段介绍 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>表的字段介绍</h3><p>SQL 的基础信息：</p><ul><li><code>STMT_TYPE</code>：SQL 语句的类型</li><li><code>SCHEMA_NAME</code>：执行这类 SQL 的当前 schema</li><li><code>DIGEST</code>：这类 SQL 的 digest</li><li><code>DIGEST_TEXT</code>：规一化后的 SQL</li><li><code>QUERY_SAMPLE_TEXT</code>：这类 SQL 的原 SQL 语句，多条语句只取其中一条</li><li><code>TABLE_NAMES</code>：SQL 中涉及的所有表，多张表用 <code>,</code> 分隔</li><li><code>INDEX_NAMES</code>：SQL 中使用的索引名，多个索引用 <code>,</code> 分隔</li><li><code>SAMPLE_USER</code>：执行这类 SQL 的用户名，多个用户名只取其中一个</li><li><code>PLAN_DIGEST</code>：执行计划的 digest</li><li><code>PLAN</code>：原执行计划，多条语句只取其中一条的执行计划</li></ul><p>执行时间相关的信息：</p><ul><li><code>SUMMARY_BEGIN_TIME</code>：当前统计的时间段的开始时间</li><li><code>SUMMARY_END_TIME</code>：当前统计的时间段的结束时间</li><li><code>FIRST_SEEN</code>：这类 SQL 的首次出现时间</li><li><code>LAST_SEEN</code>：这类 SQL 的最后一次出现时间</li></ul><p>在 TiDB server 上的执行数据：</p><ul><li><code>EXEC_COUNT</code>：这类 SQL 的总执行次数</li><li><code>SUM_LATENCY</code>：这类 SQL 的总延时</li><li><code>MAX_LATENCY</code>：这类 SQL 的最大延时</li><li><code>MIN_LATENCY</code>：这类 SQL 的最小延时</li><li><code>AVG_LATENCY</code>：这类 SQL 的平均延时</li><li><code>AVG_PARSE_LATENCY</code>：解析器的平均延时</li><li><code>MAX_PARSE_LATENCY</code>：解析器的最大延时</li><li><code>AVG_COMPILE_LATENCY</code>：优化器的平均延时</li><li><code>MAX_COMPILE_LATENCY</code>：优化器的最大延时</li><li><code>AVG_MEM</code>：使用的平均内存，单位 byte</li><li><code>MAX_MEM</code>：使用的最大内存，单位 byte</li></ul><p>和 TiKV Coprocessor Task 相关的字段：</p><ul><li><code>COP_TASK_NUM</code>：每条 SQL 发送的 Coprocessor 请求数量</li><li><code>AVG_COP_PROCESS_TIME</code>：cop-task 的平均处理时间</li><li><code>MAX_COP_PROCESS_TIME</code>：cop-task 的最大处理时间</li><li><code>MAX_COP_PROCESS_ADDRESS</code>：执行时间最长的 cop-task 所在地址</li><li><code>AVG_COP_WAIT_TIME</code>：cop-task 的平均等待时间</li><li><code>MAX_COP_WAIT_TIME</code>：cop-task 的最大等待时间</li><li><code>MAX_COP_WAIT_ADDRESS</code>：等待时间最长的 cop-task 所在地址</li><li><code>AVG_PROCESS_TIME</code>：SQL 在 TiKV 的平均处理时间</li><li><code>MAX_PROCESS_TIME</code>：SQL 在 TiKV 的最大处理时间</li><li><code>AVG_WAIT_TIME</code>：SQL 在 TiKV 的平均等待时间</li><li><code>MAX_WAIT_TIME</code>：SQL 在 TiKV 的最大等待时间</li><li><code>AVG_BACKOFF_TIME</code>：SQL 遇到需要重试的错误时在重试前的平均等待时间</li><li><code>MAX_BACKOFF_TIME</code>：SQL 遇到需要重试的错误时在重试前的最大等待时间</li><li><code>AVG_TOTAL_KEYS</code>：Coprocessor 扫过的 key 的平均数量</li><li><code>MAX_TOTAL_KEYS</code>：Coprocessor 扫过的 key 的最大数量</li><li><code>AVG_PROCESSED_KEYS</code>：Coprocessor 处理的 key 的平均数量。相比 <code>avg_total_keys</code>，<code>avg_processed_keys</code> 不包含 MVCC 的旧版本。如果 <code>avg_total_keys</code> 和 <code>avg_processed_keys</code> 相差很大，说明旧版本比较多</li><li><code>MAX_PROCESSED_KEYS</code>：Coprocessor 处理的 key 的最大数量</li></ul><p>和事务相关的字段：</p><ul><li><code>AVG_PREWRITE_TIME</code>：prewrite 阶段消耗的平均时间</li><li><code>MAX_PREWRITE_TIME</code> prewrite 阶段消耗的最大时间</li><li><code>AVG_COMMIT_TIME</code>：commit 阶段消耗的平均时间</li><li><code>MAX_COMMIT_TIME</code>：commit 阶段消耗的最大时间</li><li><code>AVG_GET_COMMIT_TS_TIME</code>：获取 commit_ts 的平均时间</li><li><code>MAX_GET_COMMIT_TS_TIME</code>：获取 commit_ts 的最大时间</li><li><code>AVG_COMMIT_BACKOFF_TIME</code>：commit 时遇到需要重试的错误时在重试前的平均等待时间</li><li><code>MAX_COMMIT_BACKOFF_TIME</code>：commit 时遇到需要重试的错误时在重试前的最大等待时间</li><li><code>AVG_RESOLVE_LOCK_TIME</code>：解决事务的锁冲突的平均时间</li><li><code>MAX_RESOLVE_LOCK_TIME</code>：解决事务的锁冲突的最大时间</li><li><code>AVG_LOCAL_LATCH_WAIT_TIME</code>：本地事务等待的平均时间</li><li><code>MAX_LOCAL_LATCH_WAIT_TIME</code>：本地事务等待的最大时间</li><li><code>AVG_WRITE_KEYS</code>：写入 key 的平均数量</li><li><code>MAX_WRITE_KEYS</code>：写入 key 的最大数量</li><li><code>AVG_WRITE_SIZE</code>：写入的平均数据量，单位 byte</li><li><code>MAX_WRITE_SIZE</code>：写入的最大数据量，单位 byte</li><li><code>AVG_PREWRITE_REGIONS</code>：prewrite 涉及的平均 Region 数量</li><li><code>MAX_PREWRITE_REGIONS</code>：prewrite 涉及的最大 Region 数量</li><li><code>AVG_TXN_RETRY</code>：事务平均重试次数</li><li><code>MAX_TXN_RETRY</code>：事务最大重试次数</li><li><code>SUM_BACKOFF_TIMES</code>：这类 SQL 遇到需要重试的错误后的总重试次数</li><li><code>BACKOFF_TYPES</code>：遇到需要重试的错误时的所有错误类型及每种类型重试的次数，格式为 <code>类型:次数</code>。如有多种错误则用 <code>,</code> 分隔，例如 <code>txnLock:2,pdRPC:1</code></li><li><code>AVG_AFFECTED_ROWS</code>：平均影响行数</li><li><code>PREV_SAMPLE_TEXT</code>：当 SQL 是 <code>COMMIT</code> 时，该字段为 <code>COMMIT</code> 的前一条语句；否则该字段为空字符串。当 SQL 是 <code>COMMIT</code> 时，按 digest 和 <code>prev_sample_text</code> 一起分组，即不同 <code>prev_sample_text</code> 的 <code>COMMIT</code> 也会分到不同的行</li></ul><h2 id="events_statements_summary_by_digest_history" style="position:relative"><a href="#events_statements_summary_by_digest_history" aria-label="events_statements_summary_by_digest_history permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>events_statements_summary_by_digest_history</code></h2><p><code>events_statements_summary_by_digest_history</code> 的表结构与 <code>events_statements_summary_by_digest</code> 完全相同，用于保存历史时间段的数据。通过历史数据，可以排查过去出现的异常，也可以对比不同时间的监控指标。</p><p>字段 <code>SUMMARY_BEGIN_TIME</code> 和 <code>SUMMARY_END_TIME</code> 代表历史时间段的开始时间和结束时间。</p><h2 id="排查示例" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E7%A4%BA%E4%BE%8B" aria-label="排查示例 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>排查示例</h2><p>下面用两个示例问题演示如何利用 statement summary 来排查。</p><h3 id="sql-延迟比较大是不是服务端的问题" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" aria-label="sql 延迟比较大是不是服务端的问题 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>SQL 延迟比较大，是不是服务端的问题？</h3><p>例如客户端显示 employee 表的点查比较慢，那么可以按 SQL 文本来模糊查询：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">SELECT avg_latency, exec_count, query_sample_text FROM performance_schema.events_statements_summary_by_digest WHERE digest_text LIKE 'select * from employee%'; </code></pre><p>结果如下，<code>avg_latency</code> 是 1 ms 和 0.3 ms，在正常范围，所以可以判定不是服务端的问题，继而排查客户端或网络问题。</p><pre><code>+-------------+------------+------------------------------------------+ | avg_latency | exec_count | query_sample_text | +-------------+------------+------------------------------------------+ | 1042040 | 2 | select * from employee where name='eric' | | 345053 | 3 | select * from employee where id=3100 | +-------------+------------+------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) </code></pre><h3 id="哪类-sql-的总耗时最高" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%93%AA%E7%B1%BB-sql-%E7%9A%84%E6%80%BB%E8%80%97%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98" aria-label="哪类 sql 的总耗时最高 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>哪类 SQL 的总耗时最高？</h3><p>假如上午 10:00 到 10:30 的 QPS 明显下降，可以从历史表中找出当时耗时最高的三类 SQL：</p><pre><code class="language-sql">SELECT sum_latency, avg_latency, exec_count, query_sample_text FROM performance_schema.events_statements_summary_by_digest_history WHERE summary_begin_time='2020-01-02 10:00:00' ORDER BY sum_latency DESC LIMIT 3; </code></pre><p>结果显示以下三类 SQL 的总延迟最高，所以这些 SQL 需要重点优化。</p><pre><code>+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | sum_latency | avg_latency | exec_count | query_sample_text | +-------------+-------------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 7855660 | 1122237 | 7 | select avg(salary) from employee where company_id=2013 | | 7241960 | 1448392 | 5 | select * from employee join company on employee.company_id=company.id | | 2084081 | 1042040 | 2 | select * from employee where name='eric' |