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(FAQ)</div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-14t19hb" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-15" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-fhn3dm MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-w8t2sr"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-hkir54" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg><div class="MuiBox-root css-1j9cl4c"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1drfgi3" aria-label="版本发布历史">版本发布历史</div></div></div></div></div></li><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/glossary"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-14t19hb" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-16" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-fhn3dm MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-w8t2sr"><div class="MuiBox-root css-3o0h5k"/><div class="MuiBox-root css-1j9cl4c"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1drfgi3" aria-label="术语表">术语表</div></div></div></div></div></li></a></ul></div></aside><main class="MuiBox-root css-sb2sd0"><div class="MuiBox-root css-w0vdto"><div class="css-1q5cbag"><div class="MuiBox-root css-was4pq"><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthLg MuiContainer-disableGutters doc-content css-5csqms"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="tidb-中的-timestamp-oracle-tso" style="position:relative">TiDB 中的 TimeStamp Oracle (TSO)<a href="#tidb-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-timestamp-oracle-tso" aria-label="tidb 中的 timestamp oracle tso permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a></h1><p>在 TiDB 中，Placement Driver (PD) 承担着 TSO 时间戳分配器的角色，负责为集群内各组件分配时间戳。这些时间戳用于为事务和数据分配时间标记。该分配机制对于在 TiDB 中启用 <a href="https://research.google.com/pubs/pub36726.html" target="_blank" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade">Percolator</a> 模型至关重要。Percolator 模型用于支持多版本并发控制（Multi-Version Concurrency Control, MVCC）和<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/transaction-overview">事务管理</a>。</p><p>下面示例显示了如何获取 TiDB 当前的 TSO：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">BEGIN</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">SET</span> <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> :<span class="hljs-operator">=</span> @<span class="hljs-variable">@tidb</span>_current_ts; <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLBACK</span>; Query OK, <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> affected (<span class="hljs-number">0.0007</span> sec) Query OK, <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> affected (<span class="hljs-number">0.0002</span> sec) Query OK, <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> affected (<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span> sec) <span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-type">row</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.00</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>注意由于 TSO 时间戳是按事务分配的，所以需要从包含 <code>BEGIN; ...; ROLLBACK</code> 的事务中获取时间戳。</p><p>从上例中得到的 TSO 时间戳是一个十进制数。你可以使用以下 SQL 函数来解析时间戳：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/tidb/stable/tidb-functions#tidb_parse_tso"><code>TIDB_PARSE_TSO()</code></a></li><li><a href="/zh/tidb/stable/tidb-functions"><code>TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL()</code></a></li></ul><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> TIDB_PARSE_TSO(<span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span>); <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> TIDB_PARSE_TSO(<span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2023</span><span class="hljs-number">-08</span><span class="hljs-number">-27</span> <span class="hljs-number">20</span>:<span class="hljs-number">33</span>:<span class="hljs-number">41.687000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-type">row</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.00</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(<span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span>); <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> TIDB_PARSE_TSO_LOGICAL(<span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-type">row</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.00</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>下面示例展示了 TSO 时间戳的二进制细节：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sh"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">0000011000101000111000010001011110111000110111000000000000000100 ← 该值是二进制形式的 443852055297916932 0000011000101000111000010001011110111000110111 ← 前 46 位是物理时间戳 000000000000000100 ← 后 18 位是逻辑时间戳 </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>TSO 时间戳由两部分组成：</p><ul><li>物理时间戳：自 1970 年 1 月 1 日以来的 UNIX 时间戳，单位为毫秒。</li><li>逻辑时间戳：递增计数器，用于需要在一毫秒内使用多个时间戳的情况，或某些事件可能触发时钟进程逆转的情况。在这些情况下，物理时间戳会保持不变，而逻辑时间戳保持递增。该机制可以确保 TSO 时间戳的完整性，确保时间戳始终递增而不会倒退。</li></ul><p>你可以通过 SQL 语句更深入地查看 TSO 时间戳，示例如下：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span>, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW(<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)), (<span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-number">18</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">/</span><span class="hljs-number">1000</span>, FROM_UNIXTIME((<span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-number">18</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">/</span><span class="hljs-number">1000</span>), NOW(<span class="hljs-number">6</span>), <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">&amp;</span> <span class="hljs-number">0x3FFFF</span>\G <span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-type">row</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span>: <span class="hljs-number">443852055297916932</span> UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW(<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)): <span class="hljs-number">1693161835.502954</span> (<span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-number">18</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">/</span><span class="hljs-number">1000</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1693161221.6870</span> FROM_UNIXTIME((<span class="hljs-variable">@ts</span> <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-number">18</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">/</span><span class="hljs-number">1000</span>): <span class="hljs-number">2023</span><span class="hljs-number">-08</span><span class="hljs-number">-27</span> <span class="hljs-number">20</span>:<span class="hljs-number">33</span>:<span class="hljs-number">41.6870</span> NOW(<span class="hljs-number">6</span>): <span class="hljs-number">2023</span><span class="hljs-number">-08</span><span class="hljs-number">-27</span> <span class="hljs-number">20</span>:<span class="hljs-number">43</span>:<span class="hljs-number">55.502954</span>