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8px;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-khel7y.Mui-disabled{opacity:0.38;background-color:transparent;}.css-khel7y.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.12);}@media (hover: none){.css-khel7y.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);}}.css-khel7y.Mui-selected.Mui-focused{background-color:rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.2);}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer{margin-right:4px;width:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-iconContainer svg{font-size:18px;}.css-khel7y .MuiTreeItem-label{width:100%;min-width:0;padding-left:4px;position:relative;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css znl8a3">.css-znl8a3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-znl8a3"><style data-emotion="css tx8jsd">.css-tx8jsd{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-tx8jsd" target="_blank" href="https://docs.pingcap.com/zh" style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 1hwyipb">.css-1hwyipb{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;color:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">文档中心</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">关于 TiDB</div></div><style data-emotion="css xjq79n">.css-xjq79n{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:none;-moz-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1jozaee">.css-1jozaee{margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">快速上手</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">应用开发</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">部署标准集群</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据迁移</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">数据集成</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">运维操作</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">监控与告警</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-9" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">故障诊断</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-10" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">性能调优</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-11" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">教程</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-12" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiDB 工具</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content Mui-expanded" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-znl8a3"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">参考指南</div></div><style data-emotion="css 171pefp">.css-171pefp{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:1.5rem;fill:#999999;height:1rem;width:1rem;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-moz-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-171pefp" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1xxsnna">.css-1xxsnna{height:auto;overflow:visible;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;margin:0;padding:0;margin-left:17px;}</style><ul class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiTreeItem-group MuiCollapse-entered css-1xxsnna" style="min-height:0px" role="group"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-0" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><style data-emotion="css kb2j4b">.css-kb2j4b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;min-height:1.75rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-top:0.25rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}</style><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">架构</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-1" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">存储引擎 TiKV</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-2" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">存储引擎 TiFlash</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-3" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">TiDB 分布式执行框架</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-4" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/system-variables"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">系统变量</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-5" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><a style="text-decoration:none;width:100%;color:inherit" href="/zh/tidb/stable/status-variables"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">服务器状态变量</div></div></a></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-6" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">配置文件参数</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-7" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1hwyipb">CLI</div></div><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium MuiTreeItem-ChevronRightIcon css-xjq79n" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ChevronRightIcon"><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"/></svg></div></div></div></li><li class="MuiTreeItem-root css-1oy5rnm" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false" id="left-nav-treeview-0-13-8" tabindex="-1" style="margin-top:0.1875rem;margin-bottom:0.1875rem"><div class="css-khel7y MuiTreeItem-content" style="width:inherit"><div class="MuiTreeItem-iconContainer"/><div class="MuiTreeItem-label"><div class="css-kb2j4b"><div class="MuiBox-root css-8atqhb"><div 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1rnnmjb">.css-1rnnmjb{max-width:1340px;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1rnnmjb"><style data-emotion="css 90fn5w">.css-90fn5w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-90fn5w{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}</style><div class="css-90fn5w"><style data-emotion="css vofosd">.css-vofosd{padding:1.5rem 0;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-vofosd{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:600px){.css-vofosd{width:calc(100% - 17.5rem);}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-vofosd"><style data-emotion="css 1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="group-by-修饰符" style="position:relative"><a href="#group-by-%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E7%AC%A6" aria-label="group by 修饰符 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>GROUP BY 修饰符</h1><p>自 v7.4.0 起，TiDB 的 <code>GROUP BY</code> 子句支持 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 修饰符。</p><p>你可以在 <code>GROUP BY</code> 子句中指定一个或多个列，形成一个分组列表，然后添加 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 修饰符。TiDB 将会按照分组列表中的列进行多维度的递减分组，并在输出中为你提供各个分组数据的汇总结果。</p><ul><li>分组方式：<ul><li>第一个分组维度为分组表列表中的所有列。</li><li>后面的维度将从分组列表的最右侧（尾端）开始，每次递减一个元素，形成新的分组。</li></ul></li><li>聚合汇总：在每个维度上，查询都会执行聚合操作，然后将该维度的计算结果与前面所有维度的结果进行汇总。这意味着你可以看到不同维度的聚合数据，从详细到总体。</li></ul><p>按照这种分组方式，当分组列表中有 N 个列时，查询的计算结果将会在 N+1 个分组上进行聚合后输出。</p><p>例如：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><style data-emotion="css 1qhimia">.css-1qhimia{margin-right:3rem;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">count</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> t <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> a,b,c <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span>; </div><style data-emotion="css ux9q70">.css-ux9q70{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-ux9q70.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rmx1rm">.css-1rmx1rm{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-1rmx1rm::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1rmx1rm{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css rnn29l">.css-rnn29l{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-rnn29l.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css fxo539">.css-fxo539{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-fxo539::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-fxo539{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在此示例中，count(1) 的计算结果将分别在 {a,b,c}、{a,b}、{a}、{} 一共 4 个分组上进行聚合，然后输出各分组的汇总数据。</p><style data-emotion="css 1weqspv">.css-1weqspv{padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1weqspv .MuiAlert-message p{margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1weqspv"><style data-emotion="css 17zlexa">.css-17zlexa{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-17zlexa .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><style data-emotion="css 152gid5">.css-152gid5{background-color:#fff;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);-webkit-transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:box-shadow 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:rgb(1, 67, 97);background-color:rgb(229, 246, 253);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:6px 16px;}.css-152gid5 .MuiAlert-icon{color:#03a9f4;}</style><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation MuiPaper-rounded MuiPaper-elevation0 MuiAlert-root MuiAlert-standardInfo MuiAlert-standard css-152gid5" role="alert"><style data-emotion="css 1l54tgj">.css-1l54tgj{margin-right:12px;padding:7px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:22px;opacity:0.9;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-icon css-1l54tgj"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="InfoOutlinedIcon"><path d="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20, 12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10, 10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z"/></svg></div><style data-emotion="css 1xsto0d">.css-1xsto0d{padding:8px 0;min-width:0;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiAlert-message css-1xsto0d"><style data-emotion="css 1h2y6o4">.css-1h2y6o4{font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 17ioyuk">.css-17ioyuk{margin:0;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Helvetica Neue","sans-serif";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#666666;margin-bottom:0.35em;font-weight:500;margin-top:-2px;}</style><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiTypography-gutterBottom MuiAlertTitle-root css-17ioyuk">注意</div><p>TiDB 暂不支持 Cube 语法。</p></div></div></div><h2 id="使用场景" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF" aria-label="使用场景 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>使用场景</h2><p>多列数据的聚合汇总输出一般常用于 OLAP（Online Analytical Processing）场景。通过使用 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 修饰符，你可以在聚合结果中得到额外的行，以展示不同维度的汇总信息，从而实现高级的数据分析和报表生成。</p><h2 id="准备条件" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6" aria-label="准备条件 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>准备条件</h2><p>目前，TiDB 仅在 TiFlash MPP 模式下支持为 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 语法生成有效的执行计划，因此你的 TiDB 集群需要包含 TiFlash 节点，并且对目标分析表进行了正确的 TiFlash 副本的配置。</p><p>更多信息，请参考<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/scale-tidb-using-tiup#扩容-tiflash-节点">扩容 TiFlash 节点</a>。</p><h2 id="使用示例" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BA%E4%BE%8B" aria-label="使用示例 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>使用示例</h2><p>假如有一张名为 <code>bank</code> 的银行利润表，包含年（<code>year</code>）、月（<code>month</code>）、日（<code>day</code>）和利润（<code>profit</code>）列。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>), <span class="hljs-keyword">day</span> <span class="hljs-type">INT</span>, profit <span class="hljs-type">DECIMAL</span>(<span class="hljs-number">13</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">TABLE</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">SET</span> TIFLASH REPLICA <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">-- 为该表添加一个 TiFlash 副本</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">INTO</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="hljs-number">2000</span>, "Jan", <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>),(<span class="hljs-number">2001</span>, "Feb", <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">22.4</span>),(<span class="hljs-number">2000</span>,"Mar", <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">31.6</span>) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>如需查看银行每年的利润，可以用一个简单的 <code>GROUP BY</code> 的子句来实现：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">41.90000057220459</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.15</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>对于银行报表来说，除了每年的利润之外，通常还需要计算所有年份的总利润或每个月的总利润，以进行更高层次或更详细的利润分析。在 v7.4.0 之前的版本中，你需要在多个查询中使用不同的 <code>GROUP BY</code> 子句，并将结果使用 UNION 连接，才能得到聚合汇总的结果。从 v7.4.0 起，你可以直接在单个查询的 <code>GROUP BY</code> 子句中添加 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 修饰符，即可得到所需的结果：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">desc</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">desc</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Feb <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Mar <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">31.600000381469727</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Jan <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.300000190734863</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">41.90000057220459</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">64.30000019073486</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.025</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>以上结果包含了按照年份和月份、按照年份、以及整体所有维度的聚合数据。其中，未出现 <code>NULL</code> 值的行表示该行 <code>profit</code> 是同时按照年份和月份分组计算的结果，<code>month</code> 列的 <code>NULL</code> 值表示该行 <code>profit</code> 是按照该年份的所有月份聚合计算的结果，<code>year</code> 列的 <code>NULL</code> 值表示该行 <code>profit</code> 是按照所有年份聚合计算的结果。</p><p>具体来说：</p><ul><li>第一行的 <code>profit</code> 值来自 2 维分组 {year, month}，为 {2000, “Jan”} 的细粒度分组的聚合结果。</li><li>第二行的 <code>profit</code> 值来自 1 维分组 {year}，为 {2001} 的中层粒度分组下的聚合结果。</li><li>最后一行的 <code>profit</code> 值来自 0 维分组 {}，即整体的聚合结果。</li></ul><p><code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 结果中的 <code>NULL</code> 值是在应用 Aggregate 算子之前生成的，因此你可以将 <code>NULL</code> 值应用于 <code>SELECT</code>、<code>HAVING</code>、<code>ORDER BY</code> 子句中，进一步过滤聚合结果。</p><p>例如，你可以在 <code>HAVING</code> 子句中通过 <code>NULL</code> 过滤并只看 2 维度分组下的聚合结果输出。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">HAVING</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">IS</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">AND</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">IS</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Mar <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">31.600000381469727</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Jan <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.300000190734863</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Feb <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.02</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>需要注意的是，如果 <code>GROUP BY</code> 分组列表中的某列包含原生的 <code>NULL</code> 值，<code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 的分组聚合可能会对查询结果产生误导。为了解决这个问题，你可以使用 <code>GROUPING ()</code> 函数区分原生的 <code>NULL</code> 值和 <code>WITH ROLLUP</code> 生成的 <code>NULL</code> 值。该函数接受分组表达式作为参数，并输出 <code>0</code> 或 <code>1</code>，表示该分组表达式是否在当前结果中被聚合。<code>1</code> 表示被聚合，<code>0</code> 表示没有。</p><p>以下是如何使用 <code>GROUPING ()</code> 函数的示例：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> grp_year, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> grp_month <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> grp_year <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> grp_month <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Feb <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Mar <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">31.600000381469727</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Jan <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.300000190734863</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">41.90000057220459</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">64.30000019073486</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.028</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在此输出中，你可以直接通过 <code>grp_year</code> 和 <code>grp_month</code> 的结果来判断该聚合结果行所在的聚合维度，以防止分组表达式 <code>year</code> 和 <code>month</code> 原生的 <code>NULL</code> 值的干扰。</p><p><code>GROUPING()</code> 函数最多可以接受 64 个分组表达式作为参数。在多参数的输出中，每个参数都可以生成一个 <code>0</code> 或 <code>1</code> 的结果，多个参数综合组成每一个比特位是 <code>0</code> 或 <code>1</code> 总体是 64 位的 <code>UNSIGNED LONGLONG</code>。各个参数在比特数位中的位置可以通过以下公式计算：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-go"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">GROUPING(day, month, year): result <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> GROUPING(year) + result <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> GROUPING(month) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">1</span> + result <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> GROUPING(day) &lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-number">2</span> </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在 <code>GROUPING()</code> 的函数中使用组合参数可以快速过滤出任何高维度的聚合结果。例如，你可以通过 <code>GROUPING(year, month)</code> 快速过滤出每年以及所有年份的聚合结果：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> grp_year, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> grp_month <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">HAVING</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUPING</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> grp_year <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> grp_month <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2001</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">22.399999618530273</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">41.90000057220459</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">64.30000019073486</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+--------------------+----------+-----------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.023</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><h2 id="如何阅读-rollup-的执行计划" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB-rollup-%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" aria-label="如何阅读 rollup 的执行计划 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>如何阅读 ROLLUP 的执行计划</h2><p>多维度数据聚合使用了 <code>Expand</code> 算子来复制数据以满足多维度分组的需求，每个复制的数据副本都对应一个特定维度的分组。通过 MPP 的数据 shuffle 能力，<code>Expand</code> 算子能够快速地在多个 TiFlash 节点之间重新组织和计算大量的数据，充分利用每个节点的计算能力。</p><p><code>Expand</code> 算子的实现类似 <code>Projection</code> 算子，但区别在于 <code>Expand</code> 是多层级的 <code>Projection</code>，具有多层级投影运算表达式。对于每行原始数据行，<code>Projection</code> 算子只会生成一行结果输出，而 <code>Expand</code> 算子会生成多行结果（行数等于多层级投影运算表达式的层数）。</p><p>以下为一个执行计划示例：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">explain <span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>), <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">month</span>), <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(profit) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> profit <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> bank <span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">WITH</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">ROLLUP</span>; <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> id <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> estRows <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> task <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> access object <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> operator info <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> TableReader_44 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.40</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> root <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> MppVersion: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, data:ExchangeSender_43 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─ExchangeSender_43 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.40</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> ExchangeType: PassThrough <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─Projection_8 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.40</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">12</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">13</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(gid)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">14</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">grouping</span>(gid)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">9</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">16</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─Projection_38 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.40</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, gid <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─HashAgg_36 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.40</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">group</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span>:<span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, gid, funcs:<span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(test.bank.profit)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, funcs:firstrow(<span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, funcs:firstrow(<span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, funcs:firstrow(gid)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>gid, stream_count: <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─ExchangeReceiver_22 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> stream_count: <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─ExchangeSender_21 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> ExchangeType: HashPartition, Compression: FAST, Hash Cols: [name: <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">collate</span>: <span class="hljs-type">binary</span>], [name: <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">collate</span>: utf8mb4_bin], [name: gid, <span class="hljs-keyword">collate</span>: <span class="hljs-type">binary</span>], stream_count: <span class="hljs-number">8</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─Expand_20 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> level<span class="hljs-operator">-</span>projection:[test.bank.profit, <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;</span>nil<span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;</span>nil<span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>gid],[test.bank.profit, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;</span>nil<span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>gid],[test.bank.profit, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>gid]; schema: [test.bank.profit,<span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,gid] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─Projection_16 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> test.bank.profit, test.bank.year<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, test.bank.month<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span><span class="hljs-keyword">Column</span>#<span class="hljs-number">7</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─TableFullScan_17 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> mpp[tiflash] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>:bank <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> keep <span class="hljs-keyword">order</span>:<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, stats:pseudo <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-number">10</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">rows</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span> sec) </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>在这个示例执行计划中，你可以在 <code>Expand_20</code> 这行的 <code>operator info</code> 列查看 <code>Expand</code> 算子的层级表达式，其由 2 维表达式组成，行末有 <code>Expand</code> 算子的 Schema 信息 <code>schema: [test.bank.profit,Column#6,Column#7,gid]</code>。</p><p>在 <code>Expand</code> 算子的 schema 信息中，<code>GID</code> 会作为额外的生成列来输出，其值是由 <code>Expand</code> 算子根据不同维度的分组逻辑计算得出，反映了当前数据副本和维度分组的关系。最常见的情况是使用位掩码运算, 它可以表示 63 种分组项的 ROLLUP 组合，对应 64 种维度的分组。在这种模式下，<code>GID</code> 值的生成根据当前数据副本复制时所需维度分组中是否有分组表达式，按照要进行分组的列，顺序填充一个 64 位的 UINT64 的值。</p><p>例如，这里分组列表中列的顺序是 [year, month]，而 ROLLUP 语法生成的维度分组集合为：{year, month}, {year}, {}。对于维度分组 {year, month} 来说，<code>year</code> 和 <code>month</code> 都是当前维度分组所需的列，对应填充比特位 1 和 1，组成 UINT64 为 11...0 即 3，因此投影表达式为 <code>[test.bank.profit, Column#6, Column#7, 3-&gt;gid]</code>。（<code>column#6</code> 对应 <code>year</code>，<code>column#7</code> 对应 <code>month</code>）</p><p>以原始数据中的下面这行为例：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+------+------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">day</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+------+------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Jan <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.3000000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------+-------+------+------------+</span> </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>经过 <code>Expand</code> 算子之后，可以得到以下三行结果：</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------+------+-------+-----+ </span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> profit <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">year</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">month</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> gid <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------+------+-------+-----+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.3000000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">2000</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> Jan <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>