Offline Primary-Side Regulator For Low Power Applications DESCRIPTION MP150 is a primary-side regulator that provides accurate constant voltage (CV) regulation without the opto-coupler, and supports Buck, Buck-boost, Boost and Flyback topologies. It has an integrated 500V MOSFET that simplifies the structure and reduces costs. These features help to make it a competitive candidate for offline low power applications, such as home appliances and standby power. MP150 is a green-mode operation regulator. Both the peak current and switching frequency decrease as the load decreases to provide excellent efficiency performance at light load, thus improving the overall average efficiency. The MP150 features various protections, including thermal shutdown (TSD), VCC undervoltage lockout (UVLO), over-load protection (OLP), short-circuit protection (SCP), and open loop protection. MP150 is available in the TSOT23-5 and SOIC8 packages. MP150 FEATURES ? Primary-side constant voltage (CV) control, supporting Buck, Buck-boost, Boost and Flyback topologies Integrated 500V/30? MOSFET < 150mW No-load power consumption Up to 2W output power Maximum DCM output current less than 120mA Maximum CCM output current less than 200mA Frequency foldback Maximum frequency limitation Peak current compression Internal high-voltage current source Home Appliance, White Goods and Consumer Electronics Industrial Controls Standby Power ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? APPLICATIONS All MPS parts are lead-free, halogen free, and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number* Package TSOT23-5 SOIC8 Top Marking ADG MP150 MP150GJ MP150GS * For Tape & Reel, add suffix �Z (e.g. MP150GJ�Z); * For Tape & Reel, add suffix �Z (e.g. MP150GS�Z); PACKAGE REFERENCE TOP VIEW TOP VIEW VCC FB SOURCE 1 2 3 DRAIN VCC FB SOURCE 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 N/C DRAIN N/C N/C SOURCE SOURCE TSOT23-5 SOIC8 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Drain to SOURCE ........................ -0.7V to 500V All Other Pins ................................ -0.7V to 6.5V (2) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C) TSOT23-5 .....................................................1W SOIC8...........................................................1W Junction Temperature .............................. 150°C Lead Temperature ................................... 260°C Storage Temperature ............... -60°C to +150°C ESD Capability Human Body Mode .......... 4.0kV ESD Capability Machine Mode ..................200V Thermal Resistance TSOT23-5 ............................. 100 ..... 55 ... °C/W SOIC8 .................................... 96 ...... 45 ... °C/W Notes: 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature TJ(MAX), the junction-toambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowance continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by PD(MAX)=(TJ(MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowance power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal shutdown circuit protects the device from permanent damage. 3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB. Recommended Operating Conditions Operating Junction Temp. (TJ) . -40°C to +125°C Operating VCC range .................... 5.3V to 5.6V MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.8V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Start-up Current Source (Drain Pin) Internal regulator supply current Drain pin leakage current Iregulator ILeak VCC=4V;VDrain=100V VCC=5.8V;VDarin=400V 2.5 500 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.3 250 VCCstop VCCpro ICC ICC ICCLATCH VBRDSS Ron ILimit 260 VCC=5.3V 500 30 290 350 450 180 15 2.45 18 2.55 1.7 fs=37kHz 170 60 150 21 2.65 345 16 VCC=5.8V, D= 40% fs=37kHz, 3.4 2.4 430 300 5.8 5.6 3.5 10 4.5 12 mA μA V V V mV V V μA μA μA V ? mA ns mA ns μs V V ms mV ?C Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units Breakdown voltage V(BR)DSS Supply Voltage Management (VCC Pin) VCC level (increasing) where the internal regulator stops VCC level (decreasing) where the internal regulator turns on VCC regulator on and off hysteresis VCC level (decreasing) where the IC stops working VCC level (decreasing) where the protection phase ends Internal IC consumption Internal IC consumption (no switching) Internal IC Consumption, Latch off Phase Internal MOSFET (Drain Pin) Breakdown voltage ON resistance Internal Current Sense Peak current limit Leading-edge blanking SCP point Leading-edge blanking for SCP Feedback input (FB Pin) Minimum off time Primary MOSFET feedback turn-on threshold OLP feedback trigger threshold OLP delay time Open-loop detection Thermal Shutdown Thermal shutdown threshold VCCOFF VCCON τLEB1 τLEB2 τminoff VFB VFB MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Breakdown Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 640 620 600 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 -40 -20 On-State Resistance vs. Junction Temperature Feedback Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 2.8 2.7 2.6 VBRDSS(V) VFB(V) 580 560 540 520 500 -40 -20 0 25 85 105 125 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 85 105 125 2 -40 -20 85 105 125 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Minimum Off Time vs. Junction Temperature 10 -40 -20 85 105 125 MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 265VAC, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 200mA, L = 1mH, COUT = 100μF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VIN = 230VAC, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 200mA, L = 1mH, COUT = 100μF, TA = +2°C, unless otherwise noted. Input Power Start Up Input Power Shut Down SCP Entry VDS 100V/div. VDS 100V/div. VDS 100V/div. IL 200mA/div. IL 200mA/div. IL 200mA/div. SCP recovery Open Loop Entry Open Loop Recovery VDS 100V/div. VDS 100V/div. VDS 100V/div. IL 200mA/div. IL 200mA/div. IL 200mA/div. Output Voltage Ripple Load Transient VRIPPLE 50mV/div. VRIPPLE 50mV/div. IOUT 200mA/div. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR PIN FUNCTIONS Pin # Pin # TSOT23-5 SOIC8 1 2 3,4 5 1 2 3,4 7 5,6,8 Name VCC FB DRAIN N/C Description Control Circuit Power Supply. Regulator Feedback. Internal Power MOSFET Drain. High voltage current source input. Not connected. SOURCE Internal Power MOSFET Source. Ground reference for VCC and FB pins. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Power Management Start up unit Drain Driving Signal Management Feedback control Peak current Limitation FB Protection Unit Source Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR OPERATION The MP150 is a green-mode-operation regulator. The peak current and the switching frequency both decrease as the load decreases to provide excellent efficiency at light load, and thus improve the overall average efficiency. The typical application diagram shows that the regulator operates using a minimal number of external components. It incorporates the following features: Start-up and Under Voltage Lock-out The internal high-voltage regulator supplies the IC from the Drain pin. The IC starts switching and the internal high voltage regulator turns off when the voltage on VCC reaches 5.6V. When the VCC voltage drops below 5.3V, the internal high voltage regulator turns on again to charge the external VCC capacitor. Use a capacitor in the several ?F range stabilize the VCC voltage and this can lower the cost by decreasing the value of the capacitor. When the voltage on VCC drops blow 3.4V, the IC stops, then the internal high-voltage regulator charges the VCC capacitor. When faults occur, such as overload, short circuit, and over-heating, the IC stops working and an internal current source (16?A) discharges the VCC capacitor. Before the VCC voltage drops below 2.4V, the internal high-voltage regulator remains off and the VCC capacitor remains discharged. Estimate the restart time after a fault as: Figure 2: VCC Under-Voltage Lockout Constant Voltage Operation The MP150 is a fully-integrated regulator when used in a Buck solution as shown in the typical application on page 1. The integrated MOSFET turns ON at the beginning of each cycle when the feedback voltage is below the reference voltage (2.5V), which indicates insufficient output voltage. The peak current limit determines the ON period. After the ON period elapses, the integrated MOSFET turns OFF. The freewheeling diode (D1) remains OFF until the inductor current charges the sampling capacitor (C3) voltage to the output voltage level. Then the sampling capacitor voltage changes with the output voltage. The sampling capacitor can sample and hold the output voltage to regulate the output voltage. The sampling capacitor voltage decreases after the inductor current drops below the output current. When the feedback voltage falls below the reference voltage (2.5V), a new switching cycle begins. Figure 3 shows the detailed operation timing diagram under CCM. trestart = CVCC × VCC ? 2.4V 5.6V ? 2.4V + C VCC × 16uA 3.5mA Figure 2 shows the typical waveform with VCC under-voltage lockout. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR Minimum OFF Time Limit The MP150 implements a minimum OFF time limit. During the normal operation, the minimum OFF time limit is 18?s; during start up, the minimum OFF time limit gradually drops from 72?s, to 36?s, then to 18 ?s (see Figure 4). Each minimum OFF time has 128 switching cycles. This soft-start function allows for safe start-up. ≥ 72us Figure 3: VFB vs VOUT ≥ 36us ≥ 18us Monitoring the sampling capacitor regulates the output voltage, as per the following equation: Vo = 2.5V × R1 + R2 R2 EA Compensation Figure 4: tminoff at Start-Up Frequency Foldback Under light load or no load conditions, the output drops very slowly, which increases the time for the MOSFET to turn ON again; i.e., frequency decreases as the load decreases. So the MP150 can maintain a high efficiency under light load condition by reducing the switching frequency automatically. The switching frequency can be obtained as: (Vin ? Vo ) Vo , for CCM ? 2L(Ipeak ? Io ) Vin 2(Vin ? VO ) Io Vo fs = ? , for DCM LI2peak Vin At the same time, the peak current limit decreases from 290mA as the OFF time increases. In standby mode, the frequency and the peak current are both minimized, allowing for a small dummy load. As a result, the peakcurrent-compression function helps to reduce noload consumption. Determine the peak current limitation from the following equation where τoff is the power module OFF time: Figure 5: EA and Ramp Compensation To improve load regulation, the MP150 implements an error amplifier (EA) compensation function (Figure 5). The MP150 samples the feedback voltage 6?s after the MOSFET turns off. EA compensation regulates the 2.5V reference voltage with the load, thus improving the power module regulation. RAMP Compensation An internal ramp compensation circuit precisely maintains the output voltage. An additional exponential voltage sinking source pulls down the feedback comparator’s reference voltage as shown in Figure 5. The ramp compensation is relative to the load conditions: Under full-load conditions, the compensation is ~1mV/?s; With a IPeak = 290mA ? (1mA / μs) × ( τoff ? 18μs) MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR decreasing load, the compensation increases exponentially. Over Load Protection (OLP) As the load increases, the peak current and the switching frequency increase with the load. When the switching frequency and peak current reaches their maximums, the output voltage will decrease if the load continues to increase. Then the FB voltage will drop below OLP threshold. By continuously monitoring the FB voltage, the timer starts when the FB voltage drops below the 1.7V error flag threshold. Removing the error flag resets the timer. If the timer continues to completion at 170ms (fa =37kHz), OLP occurs. This timer duration avoids triggering OLP when the power supply starts up or enters a load transition phase, and therefore requires that the power supply start up in less than 170ms. A different switching frequency (fs) changes the over-load protection delay time, as shown below: Open Loop Detection If the VFB drops below 60mV, the IC will stop working and begins a re-start cycle. The openloop detection is blanked for 128 switching cycles during start-up. Leading-Edge Blanking An internal leading-edge blanking (LEB) unit between the current sense resistor inside the IC and the current comparator input avoids prematurely switching pulse termination due to the parasitic capacitance. During the blanking period, the current comparator is disabled and cannot turn off the external MOSFET. Figure 6 shows leading edge blanking. τDelay ≈ 170ms × 37kHz fs Figure 6: Leading-Edge Blanking Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) The MP150 shuts down when the peak current rises above 450mA as its short-circuit protection threshold. The power supply resumes operation after removing the fault. Thermal shutdown (TSD) To prevent from any lethal thermal damage, the MP150 shuts down switching when the inner temperature exceeds 150°C. During thermal shutdown (TSD), the VCC drops to 2.4V, and then the internal high voltage regulator recharges VCC. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION Table 1. Common Topologies Using MP150 Topology Circuit Schematic 1. 2. 3. 4. Features No-isolation, Positive output Low cost Direct feedback High-Side Buck High-Side Buck-Boost 1. 2. 3. 4. No-isolation, Negative output Low cost Direct feedback Boost 1. 2. 3. 4. No-isolation, Positive output Low cost Direct feedback 1. Isolation, 2. Positive output 3. Low cost 4. Indirect feedback Flyback MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR MP150 can be used in common topologies, such as Buck, Buck-Boost, Boost and Flyback. Please find the Table.1 for more information. MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER(W) Topology Options 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 PMIN Component Selection Input Capacitor The input capacitor supplies the converter’s DC input voltage. Figure 7 shows the typical halfwave rectifier’s DC bus voltage waveform. 1.6 2.1 2.6 INDUCTOR(mH) Figure 8: Pmin vs. L at 5V MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER(W) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 INDUCTOR(mH) PMIN Figure 7: Input Voltage Waveform When using the half-wave rectifier, set the input capacitor 3?F/W for the universal input condition. When using the full-wave rectifier, choose a smaller capacitor, but avoid a minimum DC voltage below 70V to avoid thermal shutdown. Inductor MP150 has a minimum OFF time limit that determines the maximum power output. The maximum power increases with the inductor value. Using a smaller inductor may cause the output to fail at full load, but a larger inductor results in a higher OLP load. The optimal inductor value is the smallest that can supply the rated power. The maximum power is: Figure 9: Pmin vs. L at 12V When designing a 0.5W converter (5V, 0.1A), estimate the minimum inductor value at 0.6mH based on Figure 8. Similarly, for a 1.2W converter (12V, 0.1A), estimate the minimum inductor at 0.9mH based on Figure 9. Use a standard off-the-shelf inductor to reduce costs. Use a standard inductance that exceeds calculated inductance. Freewheeling Diode Choose a diode with a maximum reverse voltage rating that exceeds the maximum input voltage, and a current rating that exceeds the output current. The reverse recovery of the freewheeling diode can affect the efficiency and circuit operation. Select an ultra-fast diode, such as the EGC10JH for DCM and the UGC10JH for CCM. Po max = Vo (Ipeak ? Vo τmin off ) , for CCM 2L Po max = 1 2 1 LIpeak ? , for DCM 2 τmin off To account for converter parameters―such as peak current limit and minimum OFF time― estimate the minimum inductor power (Pmin) for the maximum power, and selecting an inductor with a Pmin value that exceeds the rated power. Using output voltages 5V and 12V as examples, Figure 8 shows the curve for Pmin at 5V, and Figure 9 shows the curve for Pmin at 12V. (Ipeak=0.29A, τminoff=18?s). MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR Output Capacitor The output capacitor maintains the DC output voltage. Estimate the output voltage ripple as: Dummy Load A dummy load maintains the load regulation. This ensures sufficient inductor energy to charge the sample-and-hold capacitor to detect the output voltage. Start with a 3mA dummy load and adjust as necessary. Surge Performance To obtain a good surge performance, select an appropriate input capacitor that meets different surge tests. Figure 10 shows the half-wave rectifier. Table 2 shows the required capacitance under normal conditions for different surge voltages. VCCM _ ripple = Δi + Δi ? RESR for CCM 8fsCo VDCM _ ripple I = o fsCo ?I ?I ? ? ? pk o ? + Ipk ? RESR for DCM ? I ? ? pk ? Use ceramic, tantalum, or low-ESR electrolytic capacitors to lower the output voltage ripple. Feedback Resistors The resistor divider determines the output voltage. Choose appropriate R1 and R2 values to maintain the FB voltage at 2.5V. Avoid very large values for R2 (typical values between 5k?? to10k?. Feedback Capacitor The feedback capacitor provides a sample-andhold function. Small capacitors result in poor regulation at light load condition, and large capacitors can impact circuit operation. Estimate the capacitor range as per the following equation: Figure 10: Half-Wave Rectifier Table 2: Recommended Capacitor Values Surge 500V 1000V 2000V voltage C1 1μF 10μF 22μF C2 1μF 4.7μF 10μF C Vo C 1 Vo ? o ≤ CFB ≤ ? o 2 R1 + R2 Io R1 + R2 Io Choose an appropriate value given practical considerations. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR Layout Guide PCB layout is very important to achieve reliable operation, good EMI, and good thermal performance. Follow these guidelines to optimize performance. 1) Minimize the loop area formed by the input capacitor, IC part, freewheeling diode, inductor and output capacitor. 2) Place the power inductor far away from the input filter. 3) Add a capacitor in the several-hundred pF range between the FB and source pins, as close as to the IC as possible. 4) Connect the exposed pad with the Drain pin to a large copper area to improve thermal performance. Bottom Layer Design Example Below is a design example following the application guidelines given the following specifications: Table 3: Design Example VIN 85 to 265Vac VOUT 5V IOUT 200mA Figure 12 shows the detailed application schematic. The Typical Performance Characteristics section lists typical performance and circuit waveforms. For more device applications, refer to the related Evaluation Board Datasheets. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS Figure 11 shows a typical application example of a 5V, 200mA non-isolated power supply using MP150. 1N4007 R1 4.99k U1 5 Drain Vcc FB 4 Source 1 mH 1N4007 1 2 3 C2 C7 470pF R2 4 .99k 220nF L1 RF1 L 10 D2 5V/200mA Source MP150 C3 /400V C4 /400V D3 C5 100 /6.3V C6 1 R3 680 WUGC 10JH GND 1N 4007 Figure 11: Typical Application Example; 5V, 200mA MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR FLOW CHART Figure 12: Control Flow Chart MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR Figure 13: Signal Evolution Resulting from Faults MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR PACKAGE INFORMATION TSOT23-5 2.80 3.00 5 4 0.60 TYP 0.95 BSC 1.20 TYP 1.50 1.70 2.60 3.00 2.60 TYP TOP VIEW RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 0.90 1.30 1.45 MAX SEATING PLANE 0.30 0.50 0.95 BSC 0.00 0.15 SEE DETAIL "A" 0.09 0.20 FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW NOTE: GAUGE PLANE 0.25 BSC 1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2) PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSION OR GATE BURR. 3) PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION. 4) LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETERS MAX. 5) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO-178, VARIATION AA. 6) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. 0o-8o 0.30 0.55 DETAIL MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518 MP150 � OFFLINE PRIMARY-SIDE REGULATOR PACKAGE INFORMATION SOIC8 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 8 5 0.063(1.60) 0.024(0.61) 0.050(1.27) PIN 1 ID 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) 0.213(5.40) TOP VIEW RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) 0.053(1.35) 0.069(1.75) SEATING PLANE 0.004(0.10) 0.010(0.25) 0.050(1.27) BSC 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) SEE DETAIL "A" FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW 0.010(0.25) x 45o 0.020(0.50) GAUGE PLANE 0.010(0.25) BSC NOTE: 1) CONTROL DIMENSION IS IN INCHES. DIMENSION IN BRACKET IS IN MILLIMETERS. 2) PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 3) PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. 4) LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.004" INCHES MAX. 5) DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION AA. 6) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. 0o-8o 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) DETAIL "A" NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Please contact MPS for current specifications. Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP150 3w.1inkage66.c0m/4ooo336518