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I was working on an application, made some changes and now it won't even run anymore. I've reverted the changes, rebuilt the entire application, and still no luck. I don't understand how this error could arise? I erased the .o files and did a brand new build and it's still not working. I didn't change the build settings, I only modified some .cpp files.

How can I resolve the issue of my executable no longer being executable?

ls -l
-rwx--x--x    1 root     root       6344081 Sep 16 23:35 z*
gdb output
[root@ipfrmk /]# gdb z
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.10
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabihf".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
"/z": not in executable format: File truncated
(gdb) run z
Starting program:  z
No executable file specified.
Use the "file" or "exec-file" command.
This doesn't relate to my issue because I am not changing from any sort of 32-bit to 64-bit or vice versa
Most of the issues I see are for "file format not recognized" or some sort of truncated core file issue and those don't apply to my issue I don't believe...
File Output
[root@ipfrmk /]# file z
z: ERROR: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, interpreter lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 error reading (Invalid argument)
There is plenty of file system space available (the app is about 63kb)
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root               487.8M    189.9M    272.9M  41% /
I checked the md5sum match on both the build machine and the device
Build VM
# md5sum /app/z
e901ef35e43d91545fb9d968c078dce2  /app/z
Device Machine
[root@ipfrmk /]# md5sum z
e901ef35e43d91545fb9d968c078dce2  z
                just a random name, i've tried various others with longer names and nothing works, they all give the same error
– RAZ_Muh_Taz
                Dec 21, 2021 at 23:00
Update:
Previous suspects have been eliminated: filesystems have enough space and md5sum matches between the build and target hosts.
This leaves only one likely possibility: the build toolchain has been corrupted in some way, and produces broken binary.
In particular, I missed this part of the output:
z: ERROR: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (GNU/Linux), \
statically linked, interpreter lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 error reading (Invalid argument)
The binary can't be both statically linked and having an ld/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 interpreter. And the interpreter should be an absolute path.
Previous answer:
Most of the issues I see are for "file format not recognized" or some sort of truncated core file issue and those don't apply to my issue I don't believe...
The two very common reasons for this error:
the target filesystem is out of space, and so the copy from the build host to the target host only partially succeeds
the file is transferred over ftp in ASCII mode, resulting in a corrupt file.
Verifying that e.g. md5sum on the build host and the target matches would eliminate both possibilities.
                I am using this make shift ftp method of transferring files to my device. It's worked up until now... I believe you're correct that it's a problem with how i'm transferring the files but I don't see how the file is corrupted... The md5sum gives me the same value for both files on the two machines.
– RAZ_Muh_Taz
                Dec 22, 2021 at 15:45
                @RAZ_Muh_Taz Another guess: the build host filesystem is out of space, and truncation happens at build time.
– Employed Russian
                Dec 22, 2021 at 16:20
                find . -name "*.o" -type f|xargs rm -f  <===== to remove all the object files from the project directory then ran crossmake to full rebuild the application. There are two build processes I can use, buildroot and crossmake, i use crossmake because it's faster but somehow it got messed up with the library linking. Thank you @Employed Russian
– RAZ_Muh_Taz
                Dec 22, 2021 at 18:24
        
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